Pressure. It can turn years of expertise, practise and dreams of career-affirming glory into a sporting nightmare. Faced with a high-pressure moments, the doubts can suddenly outweigh muscle memory, the sweaty palms create the fear of slipping both physically and mentally.Following a weekend where we saw Lewis Hamilton win the U.S. Grand Prix, Jose Mourinhos Manchester United side capitulate under pressure at Chelsea while the All Blacks embraced the expectation as they recorded their 18th straight win, we look at what it takes to excel in the face of sporting adversity using the help of sports psychologist and ex-England cricketer Jeremy Snape.To celebrate the release of Disney Marvels Doctor Strange on Tuesday, with the help of Sporting Edge founder Snape, we explore how sport stars use their mind to control the potential outcome and not the other way around?The first tee shot at the Ryder CupI have never felt as nervous over a golf shot as that first tee shot in The Ryder Cup at Celtic Manor. -- Rory McIlroySnape: The best golfers will pick out a patch of light on the fairway, or that patch of grass by a TV tower or something and aim for that rather than thinking of the hazards to avoid. They imagine a circle or hula-hoop around the ball and go through a number of considerations over what they are aiming for while they are standing outside it.Its only when they are 100 percent clear that they step into the imaginary circle around the golf ball that they are ready to hit the shot. They use counting techniques and breathing techniques to make sure theyre in the moment and theyre not thinking about the swing. That switches off the analytical part of the brain and the breathing techniques keep you in that moment so you are doing it instinctively rather than mechanically.Penalty shootoutSnape: We had an interesting experience with Crystal Palace with the penalty shootout. Part of it is doing your homework on the goalkeeper or some of it will be pressure testing yourself over what may derail you. The goalkeeper may try to put you off by throwing the ball away from you which gives you more time to think. Or the goalkeeper stands on his line and hands the ball to you so you have to fetch it.These are mind games so you want to be able to predict what they are and respond rationally to them rather than getting unsettled and emotional. You practise those in training. And you concentrate on your hitting your target -- so if the goalkeeper leaps like a salmon, you know you couldnt have done anymore.Rugby World Cup-winning kickSnape: When Jonny Wilkinson is kicking from the tee, the four or five steps back and the two steps to the left means he is going through a mental routine.Id be thinking there about you wanting to hit the target rather than worrying about the trophy. If the trophy comes in then you are either thinking about winning and the glory or missing and then you are distracted by thoughts of shame. This is where their thinking routines insulate them from the pressure. The kicker is aiming for someone behind the posts and looking to drop the ball on their lap. Your brain responds best to a specific target.Wimbledon Championships-winning serveSnape: Top players go and fetch the ball from the ball boy at the back of the court and count the steps back in their mind. There are two competing types of self-talk. On one hand you have, Oh its match point, Ive never won Wimbledon, this is massive, and theyre wondering whether theyre going to choke. This is a natural doubt but the champions create routines to treat it like its any other point and focus on the execution of their skills.Theyll count their steps to the back -- one, two, three -- ball please. Then one, two as the ball is bouncing, then theyll rotate the ball on their palm and while theyre spinning the ball around, thats their strategy time. Theyll be looking at a small mark on the court and aiming for that. When theyre 100 percent clear on that, theyll knock one back to the ball boy.Then when theyre bouncing the ball theyll probably have their own focus words like strong or clear -- theyre the key processes which bring their focus back to execution. When you see someone go off into their own world, thats the place theyve gone. They are trying to focus on their match point in exactly the same way that they approach their third serve in training on a Tuesday.The 100m Olympic finalSnape: Everyone will have their approach -- look at [1997 documentary] Living with the Lions, or something like that where you get an insight into the different styles in the changing room. There are those sitting, reading a programme while others are wrestling and some are being sick.Taking that onto the 100m track, is Usain Bolt nervous? Yes but the showmanship is probably his way of dealing with it -- the swagger is a way of dealing with it. Viv Richards spoke to me about that but then before his first Test match he fell down the stairs as his legs buckled with nerves. Top players over ride this feeling to make their rivals think they have everything under control, which can in turn make them doubt their own ability. DeShawn Williams Jersey Store . Darren Helm scored on Detroits sixth attempt in the shootout and then Jonas Gustavsson stopped Andrew Shaws shot, lifting the Detroit Red Wings to a 5-4 win over the Chicago Blackhawks on Wednesday night. Dennis McKinnon Jersey Store .Y. - New York City has been selected to host the NBA All-Star weekend in 2015, with the game played at Madison Square Garden and the slam dunk contest and other skills events held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. https://www.chinacheapjerseys.net/emanuel-king-jersey-store/ . Burke is expected to miss two to three months after breaking a finger in the teams third preseason game. Tinsley, a 10-year veteran, spent the last two seasons in Utah, where the point guard averaged 3. Walt Schupp Jersey Store .com) - The Calgary Flames aim to bounce back from their first regulation home loss of the campaign on Friday night when they host a Detroit Red Wings club that they swept in three meetings a season ago. Cedric Killings Jersey Store . -- Damian Lillard and LaMarcus Alrdridge were again the go-to duo for the Trail Blazers against the Kings. The biggest appeal and criticism professional players had since Overwatchs closed beta was that teams were able to stack duplicate heroes onto the same team. The no hero limit was what defined the Overwatch meta for seven months straight, bringing in the Double Orb composition which utilized two Zenyattas and Double Winstons. Other than that, it was standard for two Lucios to be run on King of the Hill maps and two Reinhardts on payload maps.With a lot more time put into weekly tournaments at Gosugamers, it became clear that certain rules had to be implemented when looking toward the longevity of the competitive scene. Hero diversity was incredibly low and the meta was stagnant.Eventually, Gosugamers listened to the criticisms of several professional players, who recommended that tournaments ban all two-capture point maps, implement the True Stopwatch rule, and follow the one hero limit. From that point on, the value of the new system shone but it also revealed potential problems that left people asking for a return to the former rule set. While there will always be dissenters, the one hero limit is the clear-cut choice for moving forward in the Overwatch scene.The early benefits of the wild, wild westFor several months, the competitive scene in Overwatch thrived without restrictions, bringing games of great entertainment value. When Gosugamers started the trend of limiting each competing team under the one hero limit, team composition diversity went down. Team comps on almost all maps became staple and solved. If you looked at certain choke points, the best defenders boiled down to having both a Symmetra and a Junkrat. Under the one hero limit, that became a very difficult fight to traverse.The solution to these types of compositions was to employ non-conventional strategies such as Double Winston. Using a Double Winston in this situation means that both tanks can jump over the long stretch or a wall of the choke-point and immediately single out both the Junkrat and Symmetra while dropping portable shields to run through with the payload.The reason there wasnt immediately a lot of innovation room under the one hero limit is because there simply arent enough heroes yet. With 22 characters, teams are only choosing around 28 percent of the pool. But with Mercy, Lucio, Reinhardt, and McCree being picked more than 70-80 percent of the time after the one hero limit was first introduced, there was little room to employ other creative hero solutions to existing comps.The biggest reason to keep the possibility open for stacking heroes lies in the strengths of certain heroes. Heroes like Tracer, Reinhardt, and Lucio are extremely potent in what their kit aims to do. But having two of them on the same team doesnt just double its effectiveness, it multiplies it. Double Lucio is mandatory on King of the Hill maps for stacking healing auras. Double Reinhardt means they can trade off shield uptime or provide a bigger cover for their double Widowmakers and Bastion.After a few weeks of the one hero limit being implemented, Tracer was being picked roughly 30-40 percent of the time. However, ESL joined the Overwatch scene and lifted the one hero limit format for their tournament. As a result, Tracer was used in pairs on both teams almost every single King of the Hill map.Almost inevitably, Tracer fell back down to a sub--25 percent usage rate when tournament formats returned to the one hero limit.ddddddddddddUnique heroes are the futureThe one hero limit needs some working out for the future of the scene but there is a lot of evidence that points to this rule as the standard for all future Overwatch tournaments. Over the course of several weeks and hundreds of games, there is one undeniable truth about the one hero limit: it has raised hero diversity. Compositions are now not being forced to use two of the same heroes, specifically Lucio, McCree, and Reinhardt.There are a lot of map-specific heroes being picked now such as Junkrat and Symmetra. Dont get the wrong idea though, Symmetra is still a very unpopular hero but she has a very specific niche on very specific maps. Another surprising example was Zaryas sudden boost in popularity when playing on offense. Not being able to stack Winstons in a composition meant Zarya could be played, providing a shield for in-your-face offensive heroes like Reaper.While the theory that the one hero limit would kill a lot of the creativity of stacking comps, pros would soon realize the domino effect the limit would cause. When being forced to use a specific hero, another hero will rise in popularity to either counter it or to synergize with it. Zaryas popularity on offense brought out a resurgence of Pharah. Widowmaker and McCrees nerf helped bring out a resurgence of Soldier 76 and Roadhog.McCrees nerf also brought about a surprising combo used on some payload maps that utilized either Soldier 76 and Roadhog. This itself demonstrates a sort of self-solving problem when it comes to metas in competitive esports. This effect has long been demonstrated in League of Legends, where one champions rise or fall directly affects another champions popularity.Blizzard cant always justify a nerf to a hero just because two of them on the same composition can break the meta. It didnt do that before and it would cripple a hero individually when their only power imbalance is brought about with the no hero limit. McCree was used in pairs all the time, but even on his own he was the king of DPS (damage per second) with the hardest counter to Tracer and Pharah. This allows Blizzard to safely and healthily buff and nerf heroes without the risk of letting two to four of the same hero overtake the meta.Over the horizonWhile Gosugamers weekly tournaments in North America and Europe set the precedent for the one hero limit, Blizzard has since endorsed the rule in competitive play by implementing the same rules in-game for competitive mode. Its safe to assume BlizzCon will likely enforce this trend and show a ripple effect across the rest of the competitive plane.In the youth of the OW competitive scene, there were a lot of downsides to having the one hero limit. Gone are the days of seeing the D.Va spam defense, and the Crossfire Defense in Watchpoint: Gibraltar can only be executed in Free Play now. There is so much innovation to be explored under the one hero limit and the only thing holding it back is the lack of a bigger hero pool. Being able to stack heroes is fun and creative but its important to administer restrictions so the competitive scene doesnt spiral out of control. ' ' '